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Definitions
Concussion is a
complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain which
is induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. This
type of injury results in some altered state of
consciousness or mental function which can manifest along a
range from what some athletes call a "ding" to an actual
loss of consciousness. It is most commonly associated
with a post traumatic headache and an inability to
concentrate. There may be some associated amnesia for
the event. This type of injury is typically associated
with normal neuroimaging studies -- CT scan and MRI.
After the first
concussion, the athlete is six times more likely to sustain
another and the risk of recurrence is greatest in the seven
to 10 days following the first injury. There is
significant medical concern that multiple concussions may
have cumulative and permanent neurocognitive deficits.
Second-Impact Syndrome
is a severe neurological decompensation leading to death
that is thought to result from a second injury, which may be
minor, that occurs during the recovery period from a
concussion.
Recommended for optimal, safe care
- All athletes should have baseline
cognitive testing each year. Although the absence
of baseline testing does not negate the value of
post-injury testing, it is ideal.
- After medical evaluation for
concussion, an initial cognitive test should be done in
two to three days.
- Subsequent cognitive testing should
be done when concussive symptoms resolve.
- The athlete may return to school and
activity in a step-wise fashion based on symptoms and
may return to play when medically and cognitively
recovered.
The Facts
- A concussion is a brain injury that
frequently involves physical as well as cognitive symptoms.
- About 10% of all student athletes in
contact sports suffer a concussion during their season.
- Recovery may take days or weeks with
individuals experiencing dizziness, headaches, double
vision, memory problems, irritability, and depression.
- Premature return to play following a
concussion can lead to potentially serious consequences.
- Proper management of the injury is the
first step in avoiding long-term complications.
- See this link for more information which
includes scientific articles and news reports:
www.impacttest.com
- Review article: Sports Related
Concussion, Pediatrics 2009; 123: 1140123
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